Japanese Keigo: Understanding Polite Language
The Three Types of Keigo
δΈε―§θͺ (teineigo) β polite language using γ§γ and γΎγ. This is the baseline level of politeness most learners already know. ε°ζ¬θͺ (sonkeigo) β respectful language that elevates the actions of others: γγγ£γγγ (to be/go, respectful), γ覧γ«γͺγ (to see, respectful). θ¬θ²θͺ (kenjougo) β humble language that lowers your own actions: εγ (to go, humble), ζθ¦γγ (to see, humble).
Daily Keigo Phrases
You encounter keigo daily in Japan. Shop staff say γγγ£γγγγΎγ (welcome). Restaurants ask δ½εζ§γ§γγ (how many guests). Business emails use γεΏγγγ¨γγζγε ₯γγΎγγ (I'm sorry to bother you while you're busy). Learn essential polite phrases with our Daily Phrase tool.
Common Keigo Mistakes
The biggest mistake is using sonkeigo for your own actions β elevating yourself is the opposite of the intention. Another common error is mixing keigo levels inappropriately, such as using very formal language with friends (which feels cold and distant) or casual language with superiors. Start with mastering teineigo (γ§γ/γΎγ), then gradually add sonkeigo and kenjougo phrases as you encounter them.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Do I really need to learn keigo? βΌ
Yes, if you plan to use Japanese in any professional or social context. Even basic keigo is expected in shops, restaurants, and workplaces. Without it, you may unintentionally come across as rude.
What are the three types of keigo? βΌ
Sonkeigo (ε°ζ¬θͺ) elevates others, kenjougo (θ¬θ²θͺ) humbles yourself, and teineigo (δΈε―§θͺ) is standard polite speech using γ§γ/γΎγ forms.
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